History of anime

In the early 20 th century under the influence of the Western newspaper cartoons and movies was a large number of Japanese artists. While comic books with phrases in the clouds and ordinary subjects is just entertainment for the readers. The first experiments with animation began in 1914. And the first movie, which received worldwide success in 1918, became a short Peach Boy artist Seytaro Kitayama. Anime has developed very slowly, but in 1932 it has mastered the sound. However, the development of anime going on under the influence of the undisputed leaders of the animation industry - Walt Disney and the Fleisher Brothers. In 1937, Snow White showed that the animation is very impressive and viable, as real movies. Before World War II, Europeans and Asians relied on Disney cartoons.

Osamu Tezuka, the God of manga ", debuted in 20 years when in 1947 he published his draft New Treasure Island. Because he broke away from imitation of manga, and an emphasis on action and emotion, very much taken by the French and German cinema. To emphasize the severity of the emotional moment, a scene often opened slowly, over many pages. He taught a whole generation of artists to draw dynamically. His greatest contribution was his characters. Based on the pre-war cartoons Disney (Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck), Tezuka drew animals and people with huge expressive eyes and round heads. While the characters look simple and cartoonish, they could represent a variety of feelings from love to hate the wild. Subsequent manga and anime artists took over the idea of Tezuka, drawing simplified face and huge eyes. Sailor Moon, Speed Racer ( «Speed Racer") and even Ash Ketchum owe their view Tezuka. The great success of Tezuka manga direct impact on the postwar manga.

History of anime - the movie to television
In the mid-50's President, a film company Toei dreamed of animated ribbons, like Disney. In 1958, Toei released his first feature-length cartoon film The Tale of the White Serpent ( «History of the white snake"), which is based on an ancient Chinese legend. It was painted in darker colors than the product of Disney. The Mischievous Prince Slays the Giant Serpent (1963); The Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun (1966) and Puss in Boots (1967) are the first works of early anime giant Isaiah Takahata and Hayao Miyazaki, paved the way for further improvement of anime .

In 1958, Tezuka creates an outline, script and characters for the first animated movie Toei, based on the legend of the Chinese Monkey King - Dragon Ball. In 1961, he founded the studio Mushi Productions for the creation of anime movies and series for television. His first Tetsuwan Atom (Atom Boy) missed only a few months to become the first animated film for television. That honor went to Otagi Manga Calendar, is based on little historical cartoons. But black and white Atom was the first animated film to be broken on the series. Based on Tezuka's manga of the same name, he told about a boy robot, falls in the amazing history of struggling with crime and rescuing friends. Tetsuwan Atom rapidly spread around the world. After him, Tezuka, based on the popular manga Jungle Taitei (King Kimba), creating Japan's first color anime. Co-Producer of the film, studio of NBC-TV, has helped in the financing and distribution of Kimba in the U.S., it also carried out and creative control. In the original Kimba grew to adulthood, but on U.S. television he was a teenager. This was later corrected in the continuation Jungle Taitei Susume Leo (Leo Leo). Mushi persisted in creating programs and anime, but in the end, went bankrupt. Tezuka is not just "back to drawing comics," he went on. He continued to delight readers hungry all the new and exciting new manga, leaving the screen version of his manga (Black Jack, Ambassador Manga) others.

History of anime - Complicated 70-s
While most of the Japanese TV anime created for children. Jungle Taitei sometimes dared to complicate the meaning and plot, focusing it on a more senior generation. For example: 8 people were killed by criminals and later resurrected as a robot. Mach Go GoGo (Speed Racer), together with his friend the monkey, which is often capricious. And all anime followed a formula of «good vs. bad », good against bad.

That changed in the 70's, anime has become more sophisticated, more complex, that has some impact on television. Lupin Sansei with Monkey Punch portrayed the main character thief, inspired satirical French writer Morris Le Blanc. Comedy & Action were mixed, and it was a risky move. Lupin was full of adult humor and overt violence, designed for an older audience, he still managed to survive. Infected by his example, in the light of continuing and emerging serials.

Animation in the genre of science fiction brought Kagaku Ninja-Tai Gatchaman (Battle of Planets / G-Force), Great Mazinger and Uchu no Kishi Tekkaman. They helped the visitors to the elegant robots and huge spaceships. In Uchu Senkan Yamato (Star Blazers) the main idea was to fight the space battleship Yamato from alien invaders and save humanity from destruction. All the brave exploits of Yamato took more than one series. Contemporary Tezuka Leydzi Matsumoto created anime characters Yamato, and many motor vehicles, having eaten all that complicated and full of feelings plot. Later, Matsumoto directed his talents to another series from the world of science fiction - Galaxy Express 999 in 1979. Giant robots have become a stronghold of the Japanese anime since 1966 with the help of Tetsujin 28. Mobile Suit Gundam - thought-out, a wonderful space opera, has significantly changed some of the foundations of science fiction, published in 1979 and united the epic elements of the Yamato with oversized fur Tetsujin 28. In the space war MS Gundam men were pilots of these huge machines used as weapons and protection. Gundam spread throughout the country, giving rise to a huge number of plastic models of robots, sold at every corner. New space opera Sokokihei Votoms (Armored Trooper Votoms) and Chojiju Yasai Macross (Robotech on the right) were a continuation of ideas and the maintenance of a new genre.
History of anime - History of anime - Explosion
Since the early 80's in front of television and film producers have a new problem, as demand for new, more sophisticated in its subject and full of feelings anime is increasing every day. With the advent of home video the opportunity to purchase favorite anime at any time. Therefore, some manufacturers have moved away from its usual audience and more focused on home video.

To keep pace with the increase of the market, manufacturers had to turn to the manga. The first artist who brought in favor of this march was Akira Toriyama. His bizarre series of Dr. Slump come alive on screen. In 1986, his Dragon Ball, performed in the style of fantasy, became the most popular anime in Japan, full of the same lightness of comedy and fantasy, like Rumiko Takahashi, Urusei Yatsura and Ranma 1 / 2. His other major series - Maison Ikkoku, cheerfully played the romantic comedy relationship. On the other side of the spectrum was Takahashi with Go Nagai, an artist with a reputation as the creator of "playful" manga. Making his manga in the anime started in 1972, the series Devilman; however, focused on home video market, an adult anime was able to avoid the limitations of television and censorship.

Strange, sex work, such as Nagai's Kekko Kamen, a naked super-heroine, were produced specifically for home video. The main stream of science fiction has received a powerful impetus in 1980 from the novels in the style of cyberpunk, William Gibson, Bruce Sterling and Neal Stephenson, dark dystopia of renegade hackers, snooping around in cyberspace. In 1982 Ridley Scott film «Blade Runner» (Blade Runner) changed the look of the future. Manga and anime artists were the first who seized the new fantasy. The first and best was artist and director Katsuhiro otam who pile in the 1988 anime hit Akira, who introduced a completely new style in the genre. Popular works, such as A. D. Police and Bubble Gum Crisis, trod in the tracks of dynamic, dangerous path, trodden Akira.

Another influential artist, Masamune Shiro, created in the future and Appleseed Black Magic M-66, using new technology and the danger to humanity. Vigorous draft Dominion Tank Police was a police fur-comedy, but Kokaku Kidoutai (Ghost in the Shell) in 1995 brought him back to the struggle of humanity against the machines.

More and more began to appear a serious manga and anime. Casey Nakazawa showed horror survival survivors in Hiroshima in a frank Barefoot Gen in 1983. Similarly, Hotaru No Haka (Cemetery dragonflies) described two orphans trying to survive in the bombarded Tokyo. Few films can display the horrors of war as well as anime.
Audience was also keen on anime, based on Japanese literature. Based on a classic product of the 10 th century author Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Tale of Genji) showed a fascinating study of the palace intrigue.

Another blockbuster Ginga Tetsudo «no Yoru» (Night on the Galactic Railway) was inspired by the works of the philosopher of the 20 th century, who wrote for children, Kenji Miyazawa. Anime was finally released from the stereotype - "only children".

History of anime - New Studio
Today, two anime are anime studios in the 21 Century: Gainax and Studio Ghibli. Founded Toshio Okada, Gainax has mobilized the first generation of artists who drew anime. Led by a collective enthusiasm, Gainax has published the most significant and popular of the 80's and 90's: a masterpiece of science fiction Oritsu Uchu Gun (The Wings of Honneamise), a futuristic and historic Top O Nerae, Gunbuster and Television No Umi No Nadia (Nadia the Secret of Blue Water). Today Gainax has become a recognized leader in episodic science fiction with charming Shin Seiki Evangelion (Neon Genesis Evangelion).

Studio Ghibli was founded by old anime producers - Isao Takahata and Miyazaki Zayao. They worked in the Toei TV in the 60's, in 1971, they presented the original Lupin Sansei and cooperated in the creation of children's adventure Mirai no Shonen Conan (Future Boy Conan). In 1978 came the first significant work Miyazaki - Cagliostro No Shiro (Castle Kagliostro), portraying the charming antics of Lupin-a. The company's success was accompanied by a very large movie: Kaze no Tani No Nausicaa (Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind), Tenku No Shiro Rapyuta (Laputa: Castle in the Sky), Tonari No Totoro (My Neighbor Totoro), Majo No Takkyubin (service deliveries Kiki), Kurenai No Tuta / Porco Rosso (Red Pig), Heisei Tanuki Gassen Ponpoko (TodayOs Great Raccoon War Ponpoko), Mononoke Hime (Princess Mononoke). (and the last hit Spirited Away - «Spirited Away" - approx. ed.) playing behind the scenes role in the projects of Miyazaki, Takahata released some of its innovative products: sharp little Hotaru no Haka (Cemetery dragonflies) and Omoide Poro Poro (Only Yesterday). This opportunity to tell the little man's history on the background of great events embodied with Takahata and Miyazaki's talent. With ruler perfect anime, Ghibli able to stand very firmly on the top of the Japanese cartoon Olympus.
History of anime - The Future
Today, anime is full of optimism. Gundam ( «Transformers") is celebrating its 20 th anniversary showing of the new series. Eccentric Dr. Slump of Toriyama again before the new series. Osama Tezuka's influence is still felt in the recent films based on his manga - Black Jack and Jungle Taitei. Mental X: The Motion Picture and Otomo's anthology Memories turned to a more adult audience. Fans around the world are enjoying a growing influx of popular anime like Pokemon, Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball. Is very important deal between Disney Studios and Studio Ghibli to endure all the masterpieces of Miyazaki on U.S. territory (eg, the last Oscar-winning masterpiece "Spirited Away" - approx. Per.). Entertainment Weekly in 1998 named the first issue of Kiki's Delivery Service film of the year.

A lot of Japanese artists continue to replenish the library anime. They understand that they can do more serious anime than just deal with children's entertainment. They can study the boundary of space and the complexity of the human soul. This willingness to experiment and made the anime so dynamic and attractive. All this promises to preserve interest in anime filmmakers in the future.

based on the site: DrawManga.ru